Relationship between Finnish diabetes risk score and metabolic syndrome, Vitamin d and insulin resistance in women

The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) is thought to be associated with Cardiovascular risk factors separately from type 2 diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between FINDRISC and metabolic syndrome, vitamin D and insulin resistance in this study.

115 women were recruited to study. Patients were divided into 5 groups according to FINDRISC score. Metabolic syndrome was assessed in patients with FINDRISC scores, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride (TG), systolic and diastolic hypertension.

Relationship between Finnish diabetes risk score and metabolic syndrome, vitamin d and insulin resistance in women

The  Finnish  Diabetes  Risk  Score  (FINDRISC)  is  thought  to  be  associated  with cardiovascular  risk  factors  separately  from  type  2  diabetes.  We  aimed  to  evaluate  the  relationship between FINDRISC and metabolic syndrome, vitamin D and insulin resistance in this study.

115  women  were  recruited  to  study.  Patients  were  divided  into  5  groups  according  to FINDRISC score. Metabolic syndrome was assessed in patients with FINDRISC scores, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride (TG), systolic and diastolic hypertension.

Relationship between Finnish diabetes risk score and metabolic syndrome, vitamin d and insulin resistance in women

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is one of the most important causes leading to atherosclerotic vascular diseases and type 2 diabetes (Type 2 DM). The main components of metabolic syndrome are abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, increased blood pressure and lipid disorders. The frequency of the metabolic syndrome varies with increasing age and body weight, as well as with communities examined at the same time. In the United States, the incidence of metabolic syndrome is 27%, and the incidence of metabolic syndrome is increasing faster in women. In Turkey, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is 38%. Metabolic syndrome is a combination of metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases as well as insulin resistance. Recently, a simple, fast, non-invasive and practical screening tool has been developed to describe the high risk of future type 2 diabetes development in individuals.

Do actual medical literature depict a satisfactory view of Left ventricular assistant device and Right ventricular failure?

Incidence and prevalence of heart failure are rising up. In patients with advanced heart failure (AHF), Left Ventricular (LV) assist devices (LVADs) are an increasingly common therapy for AHF. Right ventricular failure (RVF) and device related issues make this therapy a challenge to apply to a broader population. On the other hand, RVF, after LVAD implantation, is associated with an increased incidence of perioperative mortality, prolonged length of stay and worst survival. Waiting for a randomized multicentre study, we just have to rely on clinical judgment of multidisciplinary experts, so the main goal of this review is to find out the relationship among LVAD and RVF.

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Adult-onset cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy with history of head trauma and neurosyphilis

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), an inherited peroxisomal disorder caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, has a highly variable clinical presentation. The two major phenotypes are cerebral ALD, marked by childhood onset inflammatory cerebral demyelination that is usually lethal, and adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), which typically manifests in adulthood as a non-inflammatory distal axonopathy that progresses to spastic paraplegia.

Despite being a mono genetic condition, no simple genotype-phenotype correlation has been established; this suggests that additional environmental factors may influence the onset and progression of symptoms. Reports have suggested that head trauma may initiate the onset of the rapidly progressive inflammatory demyelination phenotype in previously asymptomatic patients with X-ALD. We report a case of adult-onset cerebral ALD in a patient with a remote history of traumatic brain injury and a recent history of neurosyphilis.

Profile of Pterygium Cases Seen at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in The Philippines

Pterygium is a wing-shaped, fibrovascular degeneration of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows toward and over the cornea. It may cause irregular astigmatism, visual impairment, irritation, and cosmetic problems. Dryness, inflammation, and exposure to wind and dust or other irritants may be risk factors for its development but its pathogenesis is most strongly correlated with ultraviolet exposure making it more common in tropical countries near the equator (Agahan, 2010., Al-Bdour, 2004., Cajucom Uy, 2010., Chen, 2015., Droutsas, 2010., Essuman, 2014., Fernandes, 2005). It has also been reported several times that increasing age, male gender, outdoor occupation, and systemic factors like hypertension are risk factors suggesting a multifactorial etiology for this condition (Gris, 2000., Küçükerdönmez, 2007., Kurna, 2013). In a systematic review and meta-analysis done by Liu et al which included 20 countries, the geographic pooled prevalence rate of pterygium was around 10% in the general population (Essuman, 2014).

A case of heavy chain deposition disease complicated by acquired angioedema

Heavy Chain Deposition Disease (HCDD) is rare, and presents with renal failure, proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, and often hypocomplementemia. HCDD may mimic the pathology of immune complex, crescentic glomerulonephritis, with isolated heavy chain deposits along mesangial, glomerular, and tubular Basement Membranes (BMs), without associated light chains. The predominant heavy chain subtype is gamma. Rare cases of alpha and mu subtypes have also been reported. Immunofluorescence for heavy chains alone is diagnostic. Renal pathology includes mesangial matrix expansion, hypercellularity, and nodular sclerosis resembling diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Fewer than 40 cases have been reported. We report a case of HCDD with the novel complication of acquired angioedema.

Molecular characterization of plasmid mediated genes among S. aureus strains isolated from clinical and non-clinical sources, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

The study isolated and characterized clinical and non-clinical S. aureus strains in Ile-Ife, Nigeria using phenotypic and molecular methods. Eight hundred and fifty samples of different cultures were taken from clinical and nonclinical sources. The clinical sources were the routine specimens of wound swabs, urine, stool, blood and sputum from the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology laboratory of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC) Ile-Ife.

The non-clinical samples were obtained from the nasal cavity of apparently healthy food handlers at restaurants in Obafemi Awolowo University campus and food vendors in Ile-Ife central market. Samples were cultured on mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37°C for 24-48 hours. S. aureus were isolated and identified based on mannitol fermentation, Gram's reaction, positive results for catalase, coagulase and DNAse tests. Susceptibility of the isolates to nine different antibiotics was tested using the disk diffusion technique. Molecular detection of plasmid, mec A, nuc genes was carried out on representative isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Welcome to the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Traumatology

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Traumatology is an international peer reviewed journal that prioritizes publication of research findings in the field of traumatology, with special reference to clinical issues regarding treatment of poly trauma, severe head injuries, chest trauma, abdominal trauma, extremity trauma, blunt trauma, pediatric trauma, dental trauma, orthopedic trauma and thoracic trauma.

The journal focusses on the furtherance of biomedical research pertaining to trauma management in critical cases of skull fracture as well as head and neck trauma. The journal features original research, review articles, clinical cases, perspective, commentary and others that showcase research developments in intensive care practices adept in trauma care and management.

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Reducing failure rate in rapid sequence intubation in emergency department

Establishment of a patent and secured airway is a fundamental and central component of any resuscitation of an unstable patient. Without oxygenation and adequate ventilation, all effort or life-saving manoeuvre will fail. 

Endotracheal intubation is a live saving intervention in emergency with little room for error and must be performed in a limited time frame. Longer or repeated intubation attempts are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Airway management using technique of rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is an established technique of securing and protecting airway in emergency department (ED) for patients who are at risk of aspiration of food/blood into the lungs.

The mystery of a deadly recurrent constrictive pericarditis: TB or not TB?

Constrictive pericarditis is characterized by scarring and loss of elasticity of the Pericardium, and subsequently, this leads to signs and symptoms of right heart failure. Common etiologies include previous cardiac surgery, repeated pericarditis, and Radiation therapy. However, less common causes include tuberculosis, neoplasms, and autoimmune disorders. Here we present a rare case of constrictive pericarditis of possible tuberculous etiology and review the diagnosis and management of the condition.

A 68-year-old female with a past medical history of hypertension, immune thrombocytopenia, and early cervical cancer (who had been cured surgically with a hysterectomy) presented with worsening shortness of breath on exertion and leg swelling of four weeks duration. She also had an occasional cough productive of whitish sputum. She has a history of contact with active tuberculosis (her father), and she was diagnosed with latent tuberculosis (TB) infection at an early age but did not complete a course of treatment for latent TB. 

Effects of Topical Timolol and Latanoprost by Tear Film Evaluation and Impression Cytology

The primary objective of this study is to describe the effects of application of topical timolol or latanoprost on the conjunctiva with the use of tear break-up test, Schirmer test and impression cytology; the secondary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of dry eye symptoms on the quality of life among glaucoma patients.

All patients were asked to answer the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire. Dry eye work-up consisted of tear break-up test, staining tests with fluorescein and Lissamine green, Schirmer test with anesthesia, and conjunctival impression cytology. Conjunctival samples were then examined, evaluated and their changes documented by a single ocular pathologist.

The Vasoproliferative Phase in the Oxygen-Induced Rat Model of Retinopathy of Prematurity Exhibits Concomitant Increased Expression of VEGF164 and Phosphorylation of eNOS at Serine1179

The nitric oxide pathway requires phosphorylation of eNOS to liberate NO. We correlated mRNA/protein levels of VEGF164, and phosphorylated Serine1179 of eNOS during ROP vasoproliferation. Animals were exposed to oxygen (50/10% every 24-hours) for 14 post-natal (PN)days. Pups were continuously exposed to 20.9% ambient oxygen from PN15 and enucleated on PN days 15, 18, and 20. ADPase stained retinas were analyzed for degree of a vascularity/total retina area. Western-blotting quantified the phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1179, the ratio of total eNOS to ERK2. Immuno reactivity of VEGF and of eNOS serine1177 determined tissue protein expression. 

Proximal IM nailing of unstable trochanteric fractures: minimally invasive reduction aids - a review

Proximal femoral nailing is indicated for unstable trochanteric fractures (AO 31-A2, A3) such as fractures with a large posteromedial fragment, with three or four fragments, reverse oblique fractures, and those with sub trochanteric extension. The advantages of nailing are ease and speed of application together with minimal exposure and better biomechanical properties. 

Instability is the likelihood of difficulties in achieving accurate fracture reduction and of loss of reduction after fixation. As bone fragility, i.e., osteoporosis, and fracture instability facilitate fixation failure, unstable trochanteric fractures should undergo anatomical reduction & proximal femoral nailing with a femoral neck-head sliding component to produce a bone-implant construct stable enough to provide for early painless full weight-bearing.

Role of C3a in Regulating Thymocyte Infection by HIV-1

The primary physiological role of complement proteins lies in augmenting host defense to microorganisms. Among several cascade products, complement components C3 and C5 are cleaved and activated through proteolytic processing during immune activation following exposure to HIV-1. This reaction generates the small peptide anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, which bind to G-protein coupled membrane receptors that sensitize the response of human T-lymphocytic cells to multiple cytokines including CXCL12/SDF-1. 

CXCL12 is an alpha chemokine that binds to the CXCR4 membrane receptor, which also functions as a co-receptor for X4-tropic HIV-1. Given the importance of complement activation in immune function and the bio active nature of complement cleavage products we investigated here the role of C3a in HIV-1 infection of human thymocytes. Our data illustrate a potential new link between HIV-1 infection and complement activation in which C3a anaphylatoxin may modulate infectivity by reducing the susceptibility of thymocytes to HIV-1 infection.

Tomorrow starts today…?

It’s really great pleasure to have possibility to create something new. New it means new idea to have dedicated combined experimental and clinical practice trauma journal. We know how important is clinical practice, but sometimes we miss new ideas or what’s happening in the trauma experimental field. Despite better diagnostic and treatment possibilities trauma especially in younger patients is one of the leading cause of disability. 

But in nowadays with longer life expectancy we have more and more elderly patients with low energy trauma demanding fast and effective treatment to return those patients to former social life. There is always need to improve prevention, diagnostic and treatment in trauma. Sometimes decision about the treatment in trauma case must be done in minutes. We need evidence based knowledge’s to choose best decision. It’s not enough to have just prospectively collected and analyzed data in trauma.

Fever induced Brugada syndrome masquerading as STEMI

Brugada Syndrome (BrS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease determined by abnormal electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern and causes increased risk of sudden cardiac death. It is characterised by coved-type ST segment elevation in precordial leads V1-V3. There had been many proposed mechanisms explaining the link of sodium channel mutations and its electrophysiology. 

There are various triggering factors like fever, hypokalemia, ischemia, cocaine abuse and medications which unmask the ECG changes and these changes are usually transient. There is increased possibility of this cardiac rhythm to deteriorate into life threatening arrhythmias. Thus it is essential for the clinician to be aware of the conditions. We present such a scenario in which hyperthermia unmasked our patient’s Brugada syndrome.

Possible role for HIF-1β/ARNT in the regulation of vascular function in diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. In fact, almost 80% of deaths in diabetics are caused by cardiac complications. Because of the high rate of obesity and sedentary lifestyles inthe United States, the prevalence of diabetes has doubled over the past 30 years. Diabetes is one of the major risk factors that lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In fact, from the perspective of cardiovascular medicine, it may be appropriate to say, “Diabetes is a cardiovascular disease.” However, it is still not clear how diabetes promotes cardiac dysfunction